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Two Futures of AI
Science fiction has never merely imagined the future—it has rehearsed our cultural anxieties and aspirations. Few fictional technologies illustrate this better than the contrasting visions of artificial intelligence found in Arthur C. Clarke’s 2001:…
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LLM Choice: What It Really Means
For most people, “AI” sounds singular. There’s the chatbot.The model.The intelligence behind the screen. But developers know better. Under the hood, there is no single AI. There are many large language models (LLMs), built…
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Topoi: Designing Infrastructure for Human-Centered AI
Most AI systems today are built like vending machines. You insert a prompt.You receive a response.The transaction ends. For experimentation, that model works. For classrooms, research teams, organizations, and civic groups, it does not.…
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What AI Needs Is an NTSB
Modern AI systems are often described as powerful, transformative, and inevitable. Much less often are they described as investigable. That omission matters more than we may yet appreciate. When things go wrong in aviation—when…
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Topoi: A Vision for Human-Centered, Collaborative AI
Topoi is not a chatbot. It is not an automated writing machine, nor an artificial “teacher” that replaces human judgment. Topoi is best understood as a collaborative intelligence platform—one designed to support thinking, writing,…
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AI, Personalization, and the Risk of Losing What Education Is For
A Response to Joel Mokyr Joel Mokyr has been awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2025 “for having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress.” You can hear his interview…
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What Carlo Rotella Gets Right About AI in the Classroom — and Where Topoi Fits In
When I read Carlo Rotella’s recent essay (I’m a Professor. A.I. Has Changed My Classroom, but Not for the Worse) about teaching in the age of AI, one student line lodged in my mind…